Human cells harness power of detergents to wipe out bacteria

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Introduction

Apolipoprotein L (APOL) belongs to the high-density lipoprotein family that plays a central role in cholesterol transport within the cell. There are six Apolipoprotein L genes that code for different proteins, although some functions of Apolipoprotein L are still not entirely clear.

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For example, Apolipoprotein L1 has been identified as a trypanolytic agent (that destroys trypanosomes) within the body. See link below for further information

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Human trypanolytic factor APOL1

 

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Apolipoprotein L3 is another protein that in humans is encoded by the Apolipoprotein L gene family. 

Most human cells, not just those belonging to the immune system, mount protective responses to infection when activated by the immune system. Apolipoprotein L3 is an immune induced bactericidal protein that protects human epithelium, endothelium, and fibroblasts against infection.

Apolipoprotein L3 directly targets bacteria in the host cell cytoplasm and kills them by dissolving their anionic membranes into lipoprotein complexes. Research has revealed this detergent-like mechanism is enlisted during human cell-autonomous immunity to combat intracellular pathogens.

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Please read the following short article on the link below and then answer the questions below:

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Human cells harness power of detergents

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